نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران
چکیده
تراکم خاک عاملی منفی برای رشد گیاهان است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثر خاکورزی عمیق (زیرشکنی) بر عملکرد سیبزمینی با استفاده از مطالعات و پژوهش‌های داخلی و خارجی و به کارگیری روش فراتحلیل است. بدینمنظور مقالهها، گزارشهای پژوهشی و پایاننامههای دانشجویی در فاصلۀ زمانی 1344 تا 1400 با استفاده از واژههای کلیدی مرتبط با زیرشکنی در محصول سیبزمینی مرور شد. پس از کنترل کیفی، 23 مطالعه برای مقایسۀ زیرشکنی (شامل زیرشکنی رایج، زیرشکنی ردیفی قبل از کاشت و زیرشکنی بین ردیفی بعد از کاشت) با خاکورزی رایج بدون زیرشکنی با استفاده از مدل تصادفی وارد فرایند فراتحلیل شدند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، با توجه به اندازۀ اثر کل (37/0=SMD)، میتوان نتیجه گرفت که زیرشکنی اثر مثبت بر افزایش عملکرد سیبزمینی داشته و در کل باعث افزایش 92/3 درصد در عملکرد سیبزمینی شده است. زیرشکنی رایج، زیرشکنی ردیفی قبل از کاشت و زیرشکنی بین ردیفی بعد از کاشت عملکرد سیبزمینی را به ترتیب 23/1، 18/5 و 75/4 درصد نسبت به تیمار کنترل (بدون زیرشکنی) افزایش داده است. توصیه میشود در محصول سیبزمینی یا از زیرشکنی بین ردیفی (به عمق 45-35 سانتیمتر) بعد از کاشت یا زیرشکنی ردیفی (به عمق 50-40 سانتیمتر) قبل از کاشت استفاده شود. زیرشکنی رایج به دلیل تأثیر کم بر عملکرد سیبزمینی و نیز هزینه بالا توصیه نمیشود.
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