نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه تحقیقاتی فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
2 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
3 محقق بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج
چکیده
در این پژوهش، وضعیت مصرف انرژی و میزان انتشار آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی، با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخة زندگی برنج در استان گیلان بررسی گردید. عوامل بالقوه تاثیرگذار شامل پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، پتانسیل اسیدیته، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیة منابع فسیلی، تخلیة منابع فسفات، تخلیة منابع پتاسیم و تخلیة منابع آبی ارزیابی شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که کل انرژی مورد نیاز برای تولید شلتوک برنج برابر با 88064 مگاژول در هکتار است. نهادة سوخت دیزل به همراه ماشین‌های کشاورزی، در مجموع با 52/65 درصد بیشترین مقدار انرژی ورودی را به خود اختصاص دادند. میزان انرژی خروجی مزارع شلتوک برنج نیز 58173 مگاژول در هکتار به دست آمد. نسبت انرژی و بهره‌وری انرژی در تولید شلتوک برنج، 66/0 و 04/0 محاسبه شد. بر اساس نتایج ارزیابی چرخة زندگی، انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن ، با مقدار 38/740 کیلوگرم به ازای یک تن شلتوک، بیشتر از سایر آلاینده‌ها است. مقدار گرمایش جهانی ناشی از تولید یک تن شلتوک برنج، CO2 eq 6/1116 کیلوگرم است. تخلیة منابع فسیلی به دلیل استفاده از سوخت دیزل ،MJ 7587 مگاژول و تخلیه منابع آب نیز 3354 متر مکعب و تخلیة منابع فسفات و پتاسیم هم به ترتیب P2O5 eq 15/2 کیلوگرم و K2O eq 62/0 کیلوگرم به ازای تولید یک تن شلتوک محاسبه شده است. همچنین شاخص زیست محیطی و شاخص تخلیة منابع برای تولید یک تن شلتوک به ترتیب 5789/0 و 7057/1 به دست آمد.
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