نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
چکیده
نوع شیاربازکن و موقعیت چرخهای فشار در کارندههای کاشت مستقیم میتواند تاثیر زیادی بر جوانهزنی محصول در سامانههای خاکورزی حفاظتی داشته باشد. این موضوع به ویژه در بخشهایی از جنوب استان فارس مهم است که کشتهای سالیانه دو محصولی گندم-ذرت با بقایای زراعی زیاد دارند. در مطالعۀ
مزرعهای تاثیر نوع شیاربازکن و بودن یا نبودن چرخهای فشار بر کارایی ماشین کاشت مستقیمدر کشت گندم مقایسه و ارزیابی شد.تیمارهای آزمایش شامل خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیاربازکن کاردی بدون چرخ فشار، خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیاربازکن کاردی با چرخ فشار، خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با
شیاربازکن بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، خطیکار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیاربازکن بشقابی با چرخ فشار و
خطیکار مرسوم با شیاربازکن کفشکی و با چرخ فشار بود. نتایج آزمایشها نشان داد که نوع شیاربازکن و بود یا نبود چرخ فشار، تأثیر معنیداری بر عمق کاشت، یکنواختی عمق کاشت، سرعت جوانهزنی و عملکرد گندم دارد. استفاده از کارندۀ مجهز به شیاربازکن کاردی، موجب افزایش متوسط عمق کاشت به میزان 4/36 درصد نسبت به کارندۀ نوع بشقابی شد. بیشترین میزان یکنواختی عمق کاشت گندم مربوط به شرایطی بود که کارندۀ مجهز به شیاربازکن بشقابی به کار گرفته شده بود. یافتهها همچنین نشان داد که به کارگیری شیاربازکن کاردی و بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، در مقایسه با کارندههای مجهز به چرخ فشار سرعت جوانهزنی را به شکلی معنیدار افزایش داده است. مقایسۀ میانگینها نشان داد که عملکرد گندم وقتی کارندههای مجهز به شیاربازکن کاردی و بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، در مقایسه با کارندههای مجهز به چرخ فشار، به کار گرفته شدهاند به ترتیب 7/11 و 2/14 درصد افزایش دارد.
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