نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران

چکیده

نوع شیار­باز­کن و موقعیت چرخ­های فشار در کارنده­های کاشت مستقیم می­تواند تاثیر زیادی بر جوانه­زنی محصول در سامانه­های خاک­ورزی حفاظتی داشته باشد. این موضوع به ­ویژه در بخش­هایی از جنوب استان فارس مهم است که کشت­های سالیانه دو محصولی گندم-ذرت با بقایای زراعی زیاد دارند. در مطالعۀ
مزرعه­ای تاثیر نوع شیار­بازکن و بودن یا نبودن چرخ­های فشار
بر کارایی ماشین کاشت مستقیمدر کشت گندم مقایسه و ارزیابی شد.تیمارهای آزمایش شامل خطی­کار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیار­بازکن کاردی بدون چرخ فشار، خطی­کار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیار­بازکن کاردی با چرخ فشار، خطی­کار کاشت مستقیم گندم با
شیار­بازکن ­بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، خطی­کار کاشت مستقیم گندم با شیار­بازکن ­بشقابی با چرخ فشار و
خطی­کار مرسوم با شیار­باز­کن کفشکی و با چرخ فشار بود. نتایج آزمایش­ها نشان داد که نوع شیار­باز­کن و بود یا نبود چرخ فشار، تأثیر معنی­داری بر عمق کاشت، یکنواختی عمق کاشت، سرعت جوانه­زنی و عملکرد گندم دارد. استفاده از کارندۀ مجهز به شیار­باز­کن کاردی، موجب افزایش متوسط عمق کاشت به میزان 4/36 درصد نسبت به کارندۀ نوع بشقابی شد. بیشترین میزان یکنواختی عمق کاشت گندم مربوط به شرایطی بود که کارندۀ مجهز به شیار­باز­کن ­بشقابی به ­کار گرفته شده بود. یافته­ها همچنین نشان داد که به ­کارگیری شیار­بازکن کاردی و بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، در مقایسه با کارنده­های مجهز به چرخ فشار سرعت جوانه­زنی را به ­شکلی معنی­دار افزایش داده است. مقایسۀ میانگین­ها نشان داد که عملکرد گندم وقتی کارنده­های مجهز به شیار­باز­کن کاردی و بشقابی بدون چرخ فشار، در مقایسه با کارنده­های مجهز به چرخ فشار، به ­کار گرفته شده­اند به ­ترتیب 7/11 و 2/14 درصد افزایش دارد.

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