نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی
چکیده
هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی الگوی مصرف انرژی، کارایی مزارع گندم، مشخص کردن مزارع کارا و تعیین میزان بهینۀ انرژی مصرفی در تولید گندم آبی استان البرز با استفاده از تکنیک ناپارامتری تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA) است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز تحقیق با تکمیل پرسشنامه با مصاحبۀ حضوری و مطالعات اسنادی در سال 1397 جمع‌آوری شد. این مطالعه بر پایه دو خروجی (گندم و کاه) و هشت ورودی اجرا و داده‌های مورد نیاز آن از بیست مزرعه گندم استان البرز جمع‌آوری شد. کل انرژی مصرفی و ستانده در تولید گندم آبی این استان به ازای هر هکتار به ترتیب 84/45458 و 28/162169 مگاژول محاسبه شد. شاخص کارایی انرژی، بهره‌وری انرژی و افزودۀ خالص انرژی به ترتیب 57/3، 27/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول و 44/116710 مگاژول بر هکتار به دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار مصرف انرژی (06/43 درصد از کل انرژی مصرفی در تولید گندم) در کود شیمیایی دیده شده است. مثبت بودن افزودۀ خالص انرژی نشان میدهد که تولید گندم آبی در استان البرز توجیه‌پذیر است. در رویکرد بازده به مقیاس ثابت و بازده به مقیاس متغیر به ترتیب 4 و 10 مزرعه گندم کارا تشخیص داده شدند. متوسط کارایی فنی، کارایی فنی خالص و کارایی مقیاس مزارع به ترتیب 893/0، 990/0 و 901/0 محاسبه شد. مقدار صرفه‌جویی انرژی در تولید گندم آبی استان 51/3 درصد به دست آمد و نشان میدهد با توجه به توصیه‌های این مطالعه و با حفظ سطح فعلی عملکرد محصول گندم، می‌توان به‌طور متوسط 62/1610 مگاژول بهازای هر هکتار زمین زیر کشت گندم در مصرف انرژی صرفه‌جویی کرد.
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