Editorial
Volume 17, Issue 66 , June 2016
Original Article
Majid Lashgari; Reza Mohammadigol
Abstract
Eggshell crack detection in grading lines is very important. In recent years, various methods have been studied for this purpose. One of the conventional methods used in the eggshell crack detection is acoustic response. With this method, types of cracks which are apparent defects by analyzing the acoustic ...
Read More
Eggshell crack detection in grading lines is very important. In recent years, various methods have been studied for this purpose. One of the conventional methods used in the eggshell crack detection is acoustic response. With this method, types of cracks which are apparent defects by analyzing the acoustic response to mechanical impact will be recognizable. In this research, the effects of factors related to acoustic system such as ball material, impact angle and microphone position on acoustic response in detection of cracks types were investigated. Accordingly, factorial experiments in a completely randomized design with three replications were performed. The results showed that levels of ball material, impact angle and microphone position and cracks types had significant effects (P<0.01) on the first three amplitudes and frequencies. Also, the results of this study showed that the use of plastic balls at the hitting angle of 45 degrees and positioning of microphone at the angle of 180 degrees is more suitable in designing of acoustic system to detect eggshell cracks.
Original Article
Hamidreza Gazor; Mohammadreza Alizadeh; Mohammad Younesi
Abstract
In this research, operational process and energy consumption of paddy milling factories in three categories: conventional system (Engelberg Machine for hulling and whitening), semi modern system (Rubber roll dehusker and Engelberg whitener), modern system (Rubber roll husker and abrasive whitener) were ...
Read More
In this research, operational process and energy consumption of paddy milling factories in three categories: conventional system (Engelberg Machine for hulling and whitening), semi modern system (Rubber roll dehusker and Engelberg whitener), modern system (Rubber roll husker and abrasive whitener) were investigated in Mazandaran province of Iran. Besides, milling efficiency, Degree of hulling, breakage percent of brown rice and white rice, degree of whitening, and quality factors gelatinization index, percentage of elongation and amylose of cooked rice were studied. Analysis of results indicated that no significant difference exist in degree of milling among conventional, semi modern and modern systems. The changes in the milling efficiency ranged between 62.45 to 63.58 percents. The milling systems had significant difference in hulling operation. Using rubber roll de husker decreased grain breakage and adding gravity separator to dehulling process increased dehulling to 96 percent. Engelberg de husker and whitener had significant effect on brown rice breakage and whitening than Rubber roll dehusker respectively. Results showed yhat, modern rice milling system had less harmful effects on rice than other systems. Rice milling systems did not have significant effect on amylose and gelatinization index of white rice. The parameters and gelatinization index varied in treatments from 21 to 22 percent and 3.97 to 3.99 respectively. Using of conventional milling system has more effect on cooked rice elongation percent than other systems. Results showed that, drying and milling of paddy consume 683.8 and 158.4 MJ thermal and electrical energy per ton respectively.
Original Article
Houshang Afzali Gorouh; Mohammah-Ali Rostami
Abstract
The development of electric spinning machine to use in rural and nomadic areas can promote the manufacture of textiles. In this research a cashmere and wool electric spinning machine was fabricated and assessed. For the construction of machine, first the plan was drawn with SolidWorks software and then ...
Read More
The development of electric spinning machine to use in rural and nomadic areas can promote the manufacture of textiles. In this research a cashmere and wool electric spinning machine was fabricated and assessed. For the construction of machine, first the plan was drawn with SolidWorks software and then the parts of machine were fabricated based on developed maps. Machine had 5 parts namely entrance, spinning, spindle, transmission and chassis units. For evaluation of machine performance, the effects of three factors such as rotate speed of spinning unit at three levels (300, 600 and 900 rpm), rotate speed for cashmere spindle unit (25, 50 and 75% of break for collector unit) and the arm's length of spindle at two levels of (100 and 200 mm) based on cashmere yarn breaking percentage, yarn diameter and machine capacity were evaluated. Machine was evaluated based on a completely randomized block factorial design with three replications. The results showed that the effect of rotate speed of spindle and spinning unit on changes of cashmere yarn breaking percent and diameter and speed of spinning unit on capacity were significant at the one percent probability level, but length of spindle had no significant effect. The result also showed that the interaction effect of spinning and spindle unit speed on cashmere yarn breaking and diameter were significant at the level of one percent, while, the interaction of them had no significant effect on studied treatments. Finally, It was concluded that reduction of yarn spindle speed can increase yarn breaking percentage. Thus, treatment L1N1V2 (with specification of arm's length of 200 mm, spindle speed of 25 percent of break for collector unit, and spinning unit of 600 rpm) had the mean yarn diameter of 0.14 mm, least yarn breaking percent (21%) and 9.6 kg per hour capacity, Hence, this treatment was the most suitable as compared to other treatments.
Original Article
Mohammad Sharifi; Erfan Khosravani-Moghadam; Payam Hatami
Abstract
One of the most important issues in the management of milk production is to select the best option for each production activity, so that the time and cost of production is minimal and quality is the maximum. Considering the large number of activities and options for each activity usually, approaches ...
Read More
One of the most important issues in the management of milk production is to select the best option for each production activity, so that the time and cost of production is minimal and quality is the maximum. Considering the large number of activities and options for each activity usually, approaches for obtaining a unique solution is difficult. In this regard, assigning weights to time, cost and quality can lead us to the best answer from the answers obtained. Because decision making for future is based on probability, in the present study an attempt is made to solve the cost and time and quality of milk production process, using fuzzy logic numbers for estimating risk management by defining (α) cut for intervals. Then by applying and comparing two algorithms NSGA-II and MOPSO for each activity in the milk production process under affect of different (α) cut, the best way for performing each activity was determined. Results shows that, MOPSO approach was had a more suitable effect than the NSGA-II approach for solving the problem under conditions of uncertainty (α =0) for amount of time and cost, and quality which was calculated for 2180 days atthe cost of 118228.86 Rialsand 46% in genetic algorithm and 2180 days and118224.20 Rialsand 41% in the particle Swarm algorithm respectively. Also by adjusting (α) rate to work conditions, the risk existed in the production process can be managed while performing the process activities, according the procedure that is determined for each activity during the algorithm performance, the least time and cost and highest quality as much as possible can be achieved.
Original Article
Sadegh Afzalinia; Alireza Ziaee; Seyed Ebrahim Dehghanian; Seyed Mansour Alavimanesh
Abstract
In this study, effect of conservation tillage and irrigation methods on soil properties, water productivity, and wheat yield was evaluated by using split plot experimental design with nine treatments and three replications. Main plots were irrigation methods including surface irrigation (gated pipe), ...
Read More
In this study, effect of conservation tillage and irrigation methods on soil properties, water productivity, and wheat yield was evaluated by using split plot experimental design with nine treatments and three replications. Main plots were irrigation methods including surface irrigation (gated pipe), tape irrigation, and sprinkle irrigation. Tillage methods including zero tillage (direct drilling), reduced tillage, and conventional tillage (control treatment) were considered as sub plots. Soil bulk density, infiltration rate, water consumption, wheat yield, and water productivity were measured in different tillage and irrigation treatments. Results showed that both tillage and irrigation methods had significant effect on soil bulk density in such a way that drip irrigation had the maximum soil bulk density compared to the other irrigation methods. Meanwhile, conservation tillage methods increased soil bulk density compared to the conventional tillage for 2.4%. Wheat yield was higher in pressurized irrigation methods compared to the surface irrigation. The maximum water consumption was related to the surface irrigation, and drip irrigation had the minimum water consumption. Drip and sprinkle irrigation saved water for 59 and 40%, respectively compared to the surface irrigation. The highest water productivity was obtained from drip irrigation and surface irrigation had the lowest water productivity.
Original Article
Ali Reshadsedghi
Abstract
The effects of soil moisture content, forward speed and operation depth during harvesting by a potato digger (without conveyor shaker) on tubers quantitative and qualitative damages were studied and the optimum conditions were determined for treatments. The experiments were arranged as a strip split ...
Read More
The effects of soil moisture content, forward speed and operation depth during harvesting by a potato digger (without conveyor shaker) on tubers quantitative and qualitative damages were studied and the optimum conditions were determined for treatments. The experiments were arranged as a strip split plot test based on complete block design with three factors and three replications. Mechanical damage rates of potatoes due to mechanized and traditional (manual) harvesting methods were compared by t-test. Buried tubers rate (quantitative loss) was increased with increasing of forward speed especially in wet soil probably due to the excessive soil transferred to the conveyor. Peeled tubers rate was reduced by increasing forward speed to 3 km/h in soils with low moisture content. The optimum conditions for mechanized potato harvesting with minimal quantitative loss and damage rate to product quality obtained at soil moisture of 10-15% db (40-60% Field Capacity) and 2-3 km/h forward speed. The cutting damage of tubers in traditional harvesting method was more than mechanized one, while the peeling damage rate was less. Generally, external damage rate of tubers in traditional method was significantly more than that obtained from mechanized method.
Original Article
Elyas Dehghan; Mohammad - javad Sheikhdavoodi; Hassan Zaki-Dizaji; Abdolali Gilani
Abstract
High water consumption and the cost of labor in rice transplanting method is the reason for growing tendency of farmers to Dry-bed seeding of rice in Iran. High consumption of seed and inadequate specialized machines are the problems in rice dry-bed seeding. At present rice dry-bed seeding is done with ...
Read More
High water consumption and the cost of labor in rice transplanting method is the reason for growing tendency of farmers to Dry-bed seeding of rice in Iran. High consumption of seed and inadequate specialized machines are the problems in rice dry-bed seeding. At present rice dry-bed seeding is done with traditional drill seeder with more than of 90 kg/ha seed consumption. While planting one seed in hole with a 20×20cm planting pattern in dry-bed seeding can reduce seed consumption to 5 kg/ha. This research was conducted for fabrication and laboratory evaluation a special seed plate for rice dry-bed direct seeding with pneumatic planter. Design parameters of Seed plate were included six plate shapes and three seed hole diameters. Seed plate shapes included traditional plate without groove and five groove shapes on plate, including three trapezoidal grooves with wall angle of 30, 45 and 60 degrees and two semicircle grooves with the aperture opening 2 and 3mm and three seed hole diameters 1.2, 1.3 and 1.5mm at the three levels of vacuum pressure 40, 50 and 60 milibar compared in a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with three replications. Indices were, seed number per hole, miss index, over index and precision of feeding index. The results showed that creating the groove on the seed plate resulted higher seed cell covering and reduced miss and over index. New grooved plates had higher precision of feeding and lower miss index than conventional seed plate. By increasing the vacuum pressure and the diameter of the seed hole, miss index decreased and over index and seed number per hole increased. By increasing the angle of the walls of the trapezoid grooves and aperture of the semicircle grooves miss index reduced and over index and seed number per hole increased. In general, the results of laboratory evaluation Showed that for direct seeding of rice in dry-bed condition with pneumatic planter, using the seed plate with trapezoidal groove wall angle of 45 degrees and a diameter of hole 1.2 mm and vacuum pressure 50 mbar were better than others.
Original Article
Mohammad - Hashem Rahmati; Mohammad - Reza Alizadeh; Abbas Rezaei Asl; Ebrahim Esmail Zadeh
Abstract
Determination of the proper drying methods of rough rice is one of the effective factors on reducing the grain losses. In this study effect of air temperature in three levels (40, 50 and 60 °c) equivalent radiations intensity (0.031, 0.042 and 0.053 w.cm-3) and paddy final moisture in three levels ...
Read More
Determination of the proper drying methods of rough rice is one of the effective factors on reducing the grain losses. In this study effect of air temperature in three levels (40, 50 and 60 °c) equivalent radiations intensity (0.031, 0.042 and 0.053 w.cm-3) and paddy final moisture in three levels (8-9, 9-10 and 10-11% d.b.) on the drying time and rice milling characterization of Domsiah variety were examined in the fluidized bed dryer with two thermal sources; infrared radiation and warm air stream. The experiments were conducted in factorial layout based on completely randomized design with three replications. The results indicated that the effects of air temperature and drying method on the broken grains, cracked grains and drying time was significant (P<0.01). With increasing the air temperature from 40 to 60 °c, the cracked percent (from 5 to 14%) and broken grains (from 26 to 39 %) increased and drying time (from 964 to 242 min) decreased. In each level of air temperature, the cracked grain and broken grain at the moisture content 8-9% and air temperature of 40 °c in the infrared dryer was minimum (5.67 and 26.9%, respectively) and it was maximum at the moisture contents of 8-9% and air temperature of 60°c (14 and 39.5%, respectively).
