Original Article
Hanif Esmaeili; Morteza Almassi; Mohammad Ghahderijani
Abstract
The increasing trend of agricultural waste, considering population growth and increased agricultural production, has become a serious challenge for many countries. In order to avoid unsustainable changes in the consumption pattern of these resources, it is essential to employ proper planning and suitable ...
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The increasing trend of agricultural waste, considering population growth and increased agricultural production, has become a serious challenge for many countries. In order to avoid unsustainable changes in the consumption pattern of these resources, it is essential to employ proper planning and suitable strategies to prevent long-term damages. To address this issue, this research has prioritized various strategies for energy production from agricultural waste using SWOT analysis. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) algorithm has been utilized to quantify the weights and effects of the strategic factors, considering their interdependencies. The best strategy selection has formed the four-level network of primary and secondary factors in the SWOT matrix and proposed strategies. The algorithm's results indicate that the strength factor holds the highest weight of 0.698, followed by the threat factor with a weight of 0.632 in the second rank, while the weaknesses and opportunities have weights of 0.263 and 0.180, respectively, in subsequent ranks. Furthermore, the evaluation of weight coefficients for the ten proposed strategies reveals that the strategy of developing the cultural infrastructure for bioenergy has the highest weight of 0.1356, followed by the mechanized harvesting of agricultural waste with a weight of 0.1188 in the second rank, and the development of bioenergy exports with a weight of 0.1095 in the third rank.
Original Article
Ghasem Zarei; Jalal Javadi Moghaddam
Abstract
In horticulture, to control biotic and abiotic stresses in a protected environment, the use of shade/net house or anti hail-net house can be a cost-effective solution. Unlike a greenhouse, a shade/net house is designed for non-extreme loads. In addition, the method of applying loads as a key point should ...
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In horticulture, to control biotic and abiotic stresses in a protected environment, the use of shade/net house or anti hail-net house can be a cost-effective solution. Unlike a greenhouse, a shade/net house is designed for non-extreme loads. In addition, the method of applying loads as a key point should be considered in the design of the structure. Therefore, the design of columns is a controversial issue considering the moments caused by wind load. These bending and twisting moments in the columns are created due to the imbalance of the wind load on the mesh. The columns cross-section used in shade/net structures have a direct effect on its strength, under different loads. Hence, stress analysis of columns with rectangular cross-section, C and U (sine) channels are considered for comparison. All these analyses were calculated and performed by SolidWorks software. This stress analysis was also performed for the mentioned columns sections that were placed next to each other in a double form. The results of the stress analysis of single columns showed that in front loading, the column with sinusoidal U section had more strength than that the columns with two other sections. It also had less deflection. In lateral loading, less stress was calculated for the sinusoidal U section. In terms of torsional load, the column with a rectangular cross-section performed better and had a much smaller angular deviation than the sinusoidal U-shaped and C-channel columns. In general, it can be concluded that in the mentioned single columns, the performance of the U-shaped section is more acceptable. The results of the loading and analysis of three types of double columns showed that the strength of the sinusoidal profile with a U-shaped cross-section was higher than that of rectangular tube and C channel. Also, the deflection created was less than that the other two types of columns. In lateral loading, the stress analysis showed that the sinusoidal U-section column had more strength and also had less deflection. In torsional loading, the double rectangular tube column had more strength and less deflection than that the other two sections. Finally, based on the stress analysis results, it was clarified that the double sinusoidal U-cross-section had more strength and successfully could be chosen in shade/net house infrastructures.
Original Article
mohsen najafabadiha; Davood Mohammad Zamani; mohammad Gholami Parashkoohi
Abstract
Today, artificial intelligence techniques and machine learning technologies have made it easy to identify and classify plant diseases. In this research, in order to diagnose and classify some diseases of grapevine leaves with the names of black measles, black rot, and leaf blight, after removing the ...
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Today, artificial intelligence techniques and machine learning technologies have made it easy to identify and classify plant diseases. In this research, in order to diagnose and classify some diseases of grapevine leaves with the names of black measles, black rot, and leaf blight, after removing the background from the image of the leaves and extracting the characteristics of texture and color and from the images, a combination of support vector machine classification and butterfly optimization algorithm was used to select the most important features in the diagnosis of grape plant leaf disease. The results of classification accuracy for black measles, black rot, leaf blight, and healthy leaf diseases are 100, 100, 100 and 95% respectively, and the classification accuracy for the diagnosis of all diseased and healthy groups is 98.75%. It was achieved. The classification results showed that image processing and machine learning are excellent in diagnosing and classifying some plant diseases of grape leaves. In this research, 15 features of texture, color and shape have been introduced to the researchers of plant pathology and data science with the help of the butterfly optimization feature selection algorithm.
Original Article
zaynolabedin omidmehr
Abstract
Conservation tillage reduces soil erosion, but there might be a concern it that for a few years it might reduce crop yield and increase plant diseases. In order to study the effects of different tillage methods on potato yield and the severity and rate of infection of the main soil-borne diseases of ...
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Conservation tillage reduces soil erosion, but there might be a concern it that for a few years it might reduce crop yield and increase plant diseases. In order to study the effects of different tillage methods on potato yield and the severity and rate of infection of the main soil-borne diseases of potato (Fusarium wilt, dry rot and common scab), an experiment was conducted in the form of a strip plot statistical design based on completely randomized blocks with three replications, where the horizontal factor were tillage methods: 1- Plowing with a moldboard plow (Conventional method), 2- Reduced tillage with a chisel plow, 3- Plowing with a disc plow and 4- Reduced tillage with a chisel packer, and the vertical factor were: collection and preservation of plant residues. The results indicated that in the first year, the highest yield of potatoes related to conventional tillage method. However, in the third year of the experiment, the highest yield of potatoes was show in obtain from reduced tillage method with a chisel packer. The effects of tillage methods on potato soil-borne diseases (Fusarium wilt, dry rot and scab) was not significant. Reduced tillage comparing to the conventional tillage method, not only did not reduce the yield of the crop and didn’t increase the soil-borne diseases of potatoes, but also caused a decrease in the field traffic, operation time and fuel consumption. The suggestion is that the reduced tillage with a chisel packer can be replaced with the conventional tillage using moldboard plow.
Original Article
Mohammad Ali Rostami; Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari; Mohammad Jafari; Fardin Ranjbar; Masoud Zabolestani; Hooman Sharifnasab; Mahmoud Safari; Karim Gerami
Abstract
This research was carried out to determine the type and contribution of each of the human, technical and agricultural factors affecting the amount of grain loss in wheat harvesting with threshing combines; in this research the economic evaluation of replacing the conventional combine with a threshing ...
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This research was carried out to determine the type and contribution of each of the human, technical and agricultural factors affecting the amount of grain loss in wheat harvesting with threshing combines; in this research the economic evaluation of replacing the conventional combine with a threshing combine was also evaluated. One hundred combine harvesters were visited, examined, measured, and sampled in farmers' fields by random sampling. In addition to the measurement of technical indicators including forward speed, farm capacity, and combine wheel index, information related to farm and product conditions, type, age and fuel consumption of combines, farm area, amount of straw harvested in farms and economic data including types, costs, and incomes were collected by face-to-face interviews with farmers and owners of combine harvesters and completing questionnaires. The farm capacity of the combine was estimated to be 0.38 hectares per hour on average, which is about one-third to half of the farm capacity of common types of combine harvesters in the country. The fuel consumption was 14.01 liters per hour or 37.1 liters per hectare. The average total combined and natural losses of wheat in the harvest stage was 5.05%, and the shares of natural and combined losses were 1.28% and 3.77%, respectively. To use thresher combines instead of conventional combines in the country, more number of combines (almost double) is needed due to less farm capacity. In general, the use of combine harvesters instead of conventional harvesters increased the net income of farmers and combine owners by 317,5220 and 244,8840 Rials per hectare, respectively.
Original Article
Abolfazl Hedayatipour; Mohsen Soleymani; Mostafa Kiani Deh-Kiani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of soil moisture and air transfer tube lenth on the performance indicators of a geothermal system, two factorial experiments were conducted based on a complete randomized block design in three replications in a greenhouse equipped with Earth–Air Heat Exchanger(EAHE)system ...
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In order to investigate the effect of soil moisture and air transfer tube lenth on the performance indicators of a geothermal system, two factorial experiments were conducted based on a complete randomized block design in three replications in a greenhouse equipped with Earth–Air Heat Exchanger(EAHE)system located in the city of Arak in early August and September 2022. Two soil moisture levels, a1=10% and a2=25%, were considered as the first factor and three pipe lengths of b1=17, b2=34, and b3=51 m, were considered as the second factor in both experiments. The air was circulated by a fan through two PVC pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, which were buried at three meters deep from the ground surface. An irrigation tape with a diameter of 16 mm was used to increase the soil moisture around the pipe. The results showed that with the increase of soil moisture from 10% to 25%, the temperature of the outlet air decreases from 25.5°C to 23.5°C. The average efficiency at soil moistures of 25% and 10%, was 0.82 and 0.69 respectively. The produced cooling power was 2.7 kW and 2.2 kW, at two levels of soil moisture respectively. The best treatment from the point of performance indicators was obtained with a tube length of 34 meters and soil moisture of 25%. The outlet air temperature, system efficiency , cooling power and coefficient of performance for this treatment were 23.7°C, 0.90, 2.8 kW and 3.7 respectively.
