Ali Reshadsedghi; Abolfazl Nasseri; Khosro Mohammadi Ghermezgoli
Abstract
In Iran, salinity is a pervasive issue limiting production of agriculture, so that a large part of the arid and semi-arid regions of the country have saline sodic soils with different levels. Saline soils and waters are among the agricultural resources that can be used for cultivation by using full recognition ...
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In Iran, salinity is a pervasive issue limiting production of agriculture, so that a large part of the arid and semi-arid regions of the country have saline sodic soils with different levels. Saline soils and waters are among the agricultural resources that can be used for cultivation by using full recognition of problem and proper management. This study was performed to evaluate a special grain drill performance which plants wheat seeds into furrows for semi-arid regions with saline soils conditions in margin of Uremia Lake. The experimental treatments of planting method by the grain drill included, (i) planting into the furrows with 60 cm width and furrow irrigation; (ii) planting into the furrows with 100 cm width and furrow irrigation; and (iii) planting on a flat soil and flood irrigation. Statistical analysis was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed emergence rate, crop performance indices, water consumption, water productivity, and soil salinity distribution after each irrigation practice were measured. According to the results, there was no significant difference between the methods of planting in any of the measured parameters at the 5% probability level. Results also showed that reducing the width of the furrow from 100 to 60 cm caused salinity reduction (about 37 percent) from inside the furrows. The water productivity of the planting into the furrows with 60 cm width was about 40 percent higher than those of other treatments. Therefore, wheat planting method by the grain drill into the furrows with 60 cm width can be recommended in semi-arid regions with saline soils.
A. Hedayatipour; M. Younesi alamouti
Abstract
Application of minimum and no- tillage operation not only increase soil organic mater and soil fertility, but also decreases the production cost and energy consumption in wheat production. In order to evaluate the effect of tillage methods on amount of input and output energy as well energy indices and ...
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Application of minimum and no- tillage operation not only increase soil organic mater and soil fertility, but also decreases the production cost and energy consumption in wheat production. In order to evaluate the effect of tillage methods on amount of input and output energy as well energy indices and grain yield in wheat-corn rotation, a randomize complete block designe experiment (RCBD) with three replications comprising of four tratments was conducted during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 at Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of Markazi Province. Treatments were: Moldboard plow and disk as prevailing tillage method, Minimum tillage by chisel plow, Minimum tillage by combined plow and No-tillage. During course of investigation fuel consumption, consumed energy for all inputs, output energy as well as energy indices were measured. Results showed that the effect of tillage methods was not significant on yield (p<0.05). Fuel consumption in first, second, thirs and fourth treatments were 80.46, 31.46, 33 and 14/5 L/ha respectively. The highest and the lowest energy pruductivity was that of no-tillage and conventional metod with 0.075 and 0.062 Mega joule per kilogram of crop harvested. Energy consumption in conventional, chisel plow, Combined Plow and No-tillage treatments were 57670, 50849, 50949 and 47609 Mj respectively. Considering the energy indices, best treatment, was related to no-tillage method.
Mahboobeh Roozbahani; Mohammadjavad Sheikhdavoodi; Abbas Asakereh
Abstract
Assessment of land suitability is one of the basic approaches to maximizing profits and protecting environmental resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the land suitability of Ahwaz county for cultivation of irrigated wheat using AHP Method and GIS. Ecological factors, agricultural factors ...
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Assessment of land suitability is one of the basic approaches to maximizing profits and protecting environmental resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the land suitability of Ahwaz county for cultivation of irrigated wheat using AHP Method and GIS. Ecological factors, agricultural factors and other parameters affecting wheat cultivation in Ahwaz county were determined. Soil permeability, soil texture, EC, pH, slope, accessibility to main roads and markets, and net income were selected. Data were collected by questionnaires distributed among farmers, experts, and government organizations. The results showed that economic criteria and soil characteristics had the highest weight, so that net income with the weight of 0.316 was ranked first. It has been found that average net income and benefit/cost ratio were 10.2 million rials per hectare and 0.44, respectively. The highest cost in wheat production was observed in machinery and equipment. Based on integration of GIS layers and assessment of land suitability, it was found that of total land area, 11.1% was very suitable, 32.5% was suitable, 30.4% was moderate, and 26% was unsuitable for wheat cultivation.
Jafar Habibi Asl; Gh. A. Lotfalie-Ayeneh
Abstract
Performance of Terradisc stubble cultivator was evaluated in a field experiment during two years in Khuzestan agricultural research center with nine treatments. These treatments were also compared with traditional method. Corn planted in experimental field in summer and wheat cultivated after corn in ...
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Performance of Terradisc stubble cultivator was evaluated in a field experiment during two years in Khuzestan agricultural research center with nine treatments. These treatments were also compared with traditional method. Corn planted in experimental field in summer and wheat cultivated after corn in fall. Terradisc treatments consisted of three levels of forward speed namely: 8, 10, and 12 km/h and three levels of front and rear discs overlaps: 0, 30, and 60 percent. All treatments were replicated three times in this research. The measured and evaluated parameters were fuel consumption, time, effective field capacity, percentage of residue remained on the soil surface, wheat grain yield, and yield components. Two years ANOVA results showed that, tillage method, forward speed, and discs overlap had no significant effect on wheat yield and yield components. Variance analysis of technical parameters showed that effects of forward speed and discs overlap were significant on some of these parameters such as fuel consumption and time requirement. The results showed that amount of residue remained on the soil surface increased significantly, as discs overlap reduced. The highest and lowest remained residue was 88.6 and 64.7 percent in 60 and zero degrees of discs overlap, respectively. Mean weight diameter (MWD) reduced as forward speed increased. MWD calculated 31.6 mm and 33.6 mm in forward speeds of 12 and 8 km/h, respectively. Forward speed of 12 km/h had the minimum fuel consumption (11.8 lit/ha), while the maximum fuel consumption (15.5 lit/ha) belonged to forward speed of 8 km/h. According to obtained results, Terradisc can be recommended as an acceptable option for applying the minimum tillage in corn residue with higher forward speed and lower discs overlap.
S. Rostami; M. Lotfalian; B. Hoseinzadeh-Samani
Abstract
Wheat is the most important staple crop in Iran. By reducing losses of wheat at harvest stage, a significant increase of wheat fields production is possible. In view of increasing acceptance and the demand for straw walker combine, especially for harvesting the wheat, under ...
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Wheat is the most important staple crop in Iran. By reducing losses of wheat at harvest stage, a significant increase of wheat fields production is possible. In view of increasing acceptance and the demand for straw walker combine, especially for harvesting the wheat, under present present investigation, the harvesting losses rate of the conventional combine and the straw walker combine of John Deere 955 and Class 76 were compared. The straw walker and the conventional combines were tested under quite the same field conditions with 14% moisture content. Further losses at different parts of combine such as cutting unit, threshing and separation, tank, MOG and seed germination percentage were also measured. The tested straw walker and the conventional combines were selected from Jandier (Hepko) and class companies. The results showed that the total harvest losses of the straw walker combine and the conventional combine in both Claas and John Deere, had a significant difference. The losses of John Deere straw walker combine mostly occurred at combine wheat storage tank at the value of 4.16%, whereas the losses in straw walker Class combine was mostly occurred at threshing and cleaning units which was about 8.13%. It should be noted that losses of both of tested combine had a significant difference as copared with losses in conventional combine. Finally, it was observed that fuel consumption in case of straw walker Class combine was 55 litres per hectare and 69.44 litres per hectare for straw walker John Deere combine.
Jafar Habibi Asl; Seyed Mohye Adin Goosheh
Abstract
In order to achieve a conservation agriculture, a new strip tillage implement was designed that could be pulled with a drill by tree point hitch attachment in order to make possible tillage and planting practices simultaneously. The developed drilling machine was then used and compared with other ...
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In order to achieve a conservation agriculture, a new strip tillage implement was designed that could be pulled with a drill by tree point hitch attachment in order to make possible tillage and planting practices simultaneously. The developed drilling machine was then used and compared with other tillage methods. An experiment was designed using Randomized Complete Block (RCB) with three replications. Main plots were: The four tillage and planting methods namely: moldboard plow + 2 passes of disc+ leveler+ drill (T1), 2 passes of disc+ leveler+ drill (T2), chisel packer+ drill (T3) and strip-till-drill (T4 or STD), and the subplots namely: seed density of 160 (S1), 200 (S2) and 240 (S3) kg.ha-1 were the experimental conditions.. Evaluated indices were fuel consumption rate, operation time, field capacity and residue pulverization rate. The results showed that T4 treatment had the lowest fuel consumption and time with 8.6 lit.ha-1 and 1.62 h.ha-1 rates, respectively. T1 and T4 treatments with 0.2 and 0.62 ha.h-1 had the highest and the least rates of field capacity. Residue pulverization was 46.47% in T4 treatment and was not significantly difference with T2. Crop yield in T4 treatment was 11% higher than average of other treatments. Finally it was found that tractors with medium power such as MF285 (with 53 kW engine power) could pull this implement.
