Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

One way to recycle crop residue and animal manure is the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. The present study evaluated and compared the extraction of biogas from residual canola straw,cattle manure and rumen contents. Reactors, mixers, and a hot water bath were designed and manufactured to compare the extraction of biogas from these resources.  Substrates were cast into the reactors after mechanical and thermal pretreatment to determine the percentage of carbon to nitrogen and the total and volatile solids. The treatments included: (1) residue of canola straw + manure + rumen contents, (2) manure, and (3) rumen contents. The treatments were compared in a completely randomized design with three replications in one-liter reactors. The results showed that the experimental treatment factors of biogas production, percentage of methane, accumulated methane, and decrease in total solids showed significant differences. Treatment (1) fell into group A with 504.1 l/kg VS of biogas produced and accumulated methane of 277.9 l/kg VS.  Treatment (2) fell into group B with 178.6 l/kg VS of biogas produced and accumulated methane of 116.5 l/kg VS. Treatment 3 fell into group C with 14.8 l/kg VS of biogas produced and accumulated methane of 4 l/kg VS. The percentage of methane in groups A and B was 55% and 60%, respectively. The percentage of decrease in total solids in treatments (1) and (2) was 59% and 46%, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups B and C for ratio of carbon to nitrogen. The results indicate that fresh cattle manure + rumen contents in combination with canola residue produced the highest accumulated methane and use of this combination is recommended.

Keywords

Amiri, M., Fesahat, P. and Taheri, A. 2007. Canolacultivation problems and reasons to development    failure  by farmers. Livestock and Agro-Industry Magazine. (in Persian)
 
Anon. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th Ed. Later Revisions. American Public Health Association, 1015. 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.
 
Anon. 2006. Fermentation of organic materials, Characteristic of the substrate, sampling, collection of material data, fermentation tests. VDI4630 (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure)
 
Anon. 2011.Composot, sampling and physical and chemical test methods. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. No. 13320. Iran National Standard. (in Persian)
 
Anon. 2014. Latest Events Agriculture and Food Industry. IANA (Iranian Agriculture News Agency). (in Persian)
 
Budiyono, O., Widiasa, I. N., Johari, S. and Sunars, O. 2010.Increasing biogas production rate from cattle manure using rumen fluid as inoculums. Int. J. Basic App. Sci. IJBAS-IJENS .10(1).
 
Doagooae, A., Gazanfari, M. and Fooladi, M. 2011.Kinetics and modeling of the process of producing biogas from waste water rose. J. Bio-Sys. Eng. 42(1): 95-102. (in Persian)
 
Elijah, T. I., Ibifuro, A. M. and Yahaya, S. M. 2009. The study of cow dung as co-substrate with rice husk in biogas production. Scientific Research and Essay. 4(9): 861-866.
 
Georgia, A., Stamatelatou, K. and Lyberatos, G. 2008. Exploitation of rapeseed and sunflower residues for methane generation through anaerobic digestion: the effect of pretreatment. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori st., 26500, Patras, Greece Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, P.O. BOX 1414, 26504, Patras, Greece.

Gujer, W. and Zehnder, A. 1983. Conversion Processes in Anaerobic Digestion. Water Sci. Technol. 15(8): 127-167.

 
Kalantari Maibodi, S., Danesh, S. H., Ebarhimi, H. and Haydarian, V. 2013. Evaluate the effects of Total Solids and lime in the production of biogas from cow rumen contents. 4th National Conference bioenergy. Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
 
Kurnani, A., Hidayati, Y. A., Fitriani, D. and Imanudin, O. 2010. The effect of C/N ratios of a mixture of beef  cattle feces and water hyacinth (Eichorniacrassipes) on the quality of biogas and sludge. Lucrări Ştiinţifice.
 
Laurinovica, L., Jasko, J., Skripsts, E. and Dubrovskis, V. 2013. Biochemical methane potential of biologically and chemically pretreated sawdust and straw engineering for rural developmentJelgava.
 
Lukas, K., Tomas, J. and Jir, N. 2012. Scale technology for biogas production from lignocelluloses wastes. Acta. Polytech. 52(3).

 

Mackie, R. and Bryant, M. P. 1995. Anaerobic digestion of cattle waste at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. App. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 43(2): 346-350.

 
Mohammadnejad, M., Shabanikia, A. and Booglandashti, B. 2010. Potential of agricultural residues for energy production.1st Bioenergy Conference. Tehran. Iran. (in Persian)
 
Omrani, G. 1996. Biogas production from urban and rural waste. Tehran University Pub. (in Persian)
 
Petersson, A., Thomsen, M., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. and Homsen, A. B. 2007. Potential bioethanol and biogas production using lignocelluloses biomass from winter rye, oilseed rape and faba bean. Biomass. Bioenerg. 31, 812-819.
 
Saev, M., Koumanova1, B. and Simeonov, I. V. 2009. Anaerobic co-digestion of wasted tomatoes and cattle dung for biogas production. J. Uni. Chemical Technol. Metallurg. 44(1): 55-60.
 
Sahito, A. R., Mahar, R. B. and Brohi, K. M. 2013. Anaerobic biodegradability and methane potential of crop residue co-digested with buffalo dung. Mehran Uni. Res. J. Eng. Technol. 32(3): 509-518.
 
Sanaeemoghadam, A., Aghkhani, H., Aghel, M., Abaspoor Fard, M. and Khodaparast, H. 2012. Bio-methane production from anaerobic digester common potato waste and manure by anaerobic digester system single stage. The 2nd Clean Energy Conference. July. 22-21. Kerman, Iran. (in Persian)
 
Shaikhahmadi, A .and Zargarzadeh, M. 2007. The use of renewable energy to generate electrical energy. Master's thesis. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Islamic Azad University, Tehran SE. (in Persian)
 
Sihuang, X. 2012. Evaluation of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of pig manure and grass silage. Ph. D. Thesis. Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway.
 
Sunars, O., Johari, S., Widiasa, I. N. and Budiyono, O. 2012. The Effect of feed to inoculums ratio on biogas production rate from cattle manure using rumen fluid as inoculums. Int. J. Waste Resour. 2(1):1-4.