H. Orak; S. Abdanan-Mehdizadeh
Abstract
A large amount of herbicide is being used for controlling weeds in agricultural, lawns, sport fields on yearly basis. This causes environmental pollution and economic concerns. To reduce the use of herbicides, hand labor may be the best way of removing weeds. It is, however, costly and time consuming. ...
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A large amount of herbicide is being used for controlling weeds in agricultural, lawns, sport fields on yearly basis. This causes environmental pollution and economic concerns. To reduce the use of herbicides, hand labor may be the best way of removing weeds. It is, however, costly and time consuming. In this paper, two methods of distinguishing weeds from lawns using computer vision techniques are proposed. Due to the fact that the weeds have different colors and identification of them from grass is not possible; therefore, an algorithm was developed based on the assumption that the grass area should contain more edges while the weed area is smoother than the grass area. For identification of weed/grass two methods were used, namely: Bayesian Classifier (BO) and morphology (MO. Results indicated that correct weed identification rates for MO and BO methods were 89.58% and 80.42% respectively. Furthermore, from results obtained it can be concluded that herbicide usage was reduced more than 70%, which from economical point of view as well as reduction of environmental pollution is of great importance.
davood mohammadzamani
Abstract
The present study designed, constructed, and evaluated a fully-automatic tomato transplanter. In this device, a step mechanism gradually guides the tray to the left, right, and down under the arm so that the pin lifter can be position to penetrate the soil in the cell to grasp a seedling. The arm then ...
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The present study designed, constructed, and evaluated a fully-automatic tomato transplanter. In this device, a step mechanism gradually guides the tray to the left, right, and down under the arm so that the pin lifter can be position to penetrate the soil in the cell to grasp a seedling. The arm then positions itself over the tube and releases the seedling in its soil pot. The seedling falls into the previously plowed furrow. To evaluate operation of the machine, field testing was conducted. Mechanical damage to seedlings, seedling establishment angle according to the vertical line, and seedling spacing on the row was investigated. Tests used a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of traveling speed (1, 1.5, and 2 kmh-1) and depth (5 and 10 cm). In each experimental unit of the block, the machine traveled the 22 m length to plant one row. Results showed that traveling speed, depth, and the interaction of distance between planted seedlings, seedling establishment angle, and mechanical damage to seedling was significant. Results indicated that the most appropriate traveling speed was 1 kmh-1 and depth of planting was 5 cm. With a traveling speed of 1 kmh-1, a theoretical capacity of 0.06 hah-1 was determined for the single-row machine.
R. Rahimi; M. H. Kianmehr; S. Reza Hassan-Beigi; Payam Zarafshan
Abstract
One of the methods of using livestock exhaust is compressing and pelletting it, which causes facilitation of transportation, reduction of odor and gradual release of nitrogen. For manure pelleting, extruder and disk pelleting are used. Since the stones existing materials in the stored manure cause damage ...
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One of the methods of using livestock exhaust is compressing and pelletting it, which causes facilitation of transportation, reduction of odor and gradual release of nitrogen. For manure pelleting, extruder and disk pelleting are used. Since the stones existing materials in the stored manure cause damage to the pelletting apparatus, so the removal of the stone from the manure before the processing is necessary. In this research, with the aim of separation the rock from the manure, a gravity separator was designed and fabricated. The performance of the device was evaluated by changing the three slope parameters of the material separator plates, manure moisture content and the size of the stone and manure dimensions The changed level was for 10, 15 and 20 ° slopes of separators, 10, 30 and 50% of the moisture content of manure, and for the particle size of less than 10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 50 mm. The maximum device separation efficiency of the stone from the manure was 76.81% at 10 ° slope, 50% moisture content and a particle size less than 10 mm.
Mohammad Javam; Mahmoud Ghasemi Nejad Raeini; afshin marzban
Abstract
Today, farmers are looking for solutions to increase production and income. One of these solutions is the supplyink off-season crops and horticultural products. Considering the high level of okra production and consumption in Khuzestan province, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the ...
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Today, farmers are looking for solutions to increase production and income. One of these solutions is the supplyink off-season crops and horticultural products. Considering the high level of okra production and consumption in Khuzestan province, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the economic systems of this product. In this area, okra is cultivated in three ways: okra planted under plastic, mulch and open field. Required data was collected using face-to-face questionnaire from 120 okra growers. The highest amount of net income (287.44 million Rials per hectare) was obtained in okra planted under plastic, plastic mulch (87.06) and open field (61.98) were in the next priorities respectively. The highest amount of benefit-cost ratio (3.7) was obtained in okra planted under plastic, open field (2.3) and plastic mulch (2.1) were in the next priorities respectively. The highest amount of production cost (103 million Rials per hectare) was obtained in in okra planted under plastic, plastic mulch (78.5) and open field (48.7) were in the next priorities respectively. The highest amount of mechanization cost index (10.6%) was obtained in open field, plastic mulch (6.8%) and okra planted under plastic (4.6%) were in the next priorities respectively.
Roozbeh Abdi; S. J. Hashemi; Reza Tabatabaei Kolour
Abstract
In this study, a U-shaped reactor with aeration, heating and stirring systems was designed for composting process. The length, width and height of reactor were 110, 66 and 70 cm respectively. The experiment was carried out at different aeration rate (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 Lit/min.Kg DM) and time (0, 19, 38, ...
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In this study, a U-shaped reactor with aeration, heating and stirring systems was designed for composting process. The length, width and height of reactor were 110, 66 and 70 cm respectively. The experiment was carried out at different aeration rate (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 Lit/min.Kg DM) and time (0, 19, 38, 57, 76, 96 hour). The agitation speed and temperature for the purpose of this experiment was; 55 and 1 rpm respectively. In order to adjust the C/N ratio and humidity of compost, two additives namely: zeolites and rice bran was used. The initial moisture content of waste material was between 60 to 65 percent in all operations. Results showed that the changes in the EC, germination index, and C/N ratio were significant. The EC of compost declined and the pH value increased at the end of process for all operations. The average C/N ratio of compost materials changed from 28 to 20.9 after 96 hours in the reactor. In traditional method, the C/N ratio reached to 19.8 after 21 days. Composting process time has a significant effect on germination index. The maximum germination index occurred at the aeration rate of 0.4 Lit/min. Kg DM which was 85 percent. Also the results indicated that the designed reactor with continuous rotating agitator, heating and air pressure was able to convert the food waste to compost within 96 hours. Results indicate that the proposed composting system can create a suitable environment for the growth and performance of micro-organisms in order to accelerate the decomposition of food waste.