Opener geometry effect on weed seed bank

Solh-Jou, Ali Akbar; Jamali, Mohammad Reza; Joukar, Ladan

doi:10.22092/erams.2017.106550.1101

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran

² Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/erams.2017.106550.1101

Abstract

Mechanical weed control in field can reduce the environmental issues due to using herbicides and the cost of them. This study was a conducted in the form of randomized complete block experimental design with six treatments and four replications in Zarghan of Fars Province to determine the effect of opener geometry on weed seeds bank. Treatments were bent leg opener, narrow point opener with rake angles of 53° and 90°, sweep opener, disc opener and moldboard plow (control). In this project, weed seeds bank and weed seeds location in soil was studied. Results indicated that opener geometry affected on weed seeds translocation. The bent leg opener had the highest and the lowest weed seeds percentage in the soil surface and deeper layers with 26.7% and 7.4%, respectively. However, moldboard plow had the lowest and the highest weed seeds percentage in the soil surface and deeper layers with 12.7% and 14.8%, respectively. This is show that the bent leg opener reduced vertical displacement of weed seeds in soil and also reduced weed seeds translocation from surface to depth of soil. Therefore, the bent leg opener can reduce weed seeds bank in the long time.

Keywords

References

Anon. WANTFA. 2005. Extract of situation analysis on no-tillage systems by Rolf Derpsch. Western Australian No-till Farmers Association New Frontiers in Agriculture Newsletter. 13 (3): 88-92.

Ball, D. A. 1992. Weed seed bank response to tillage, herbicide and crop rotation sequence. Weed Sci. 40, 654-659.

Barberi, P., Bonari, E., Mazzoncini, M., Garcia-Torres, L., Benites, J. and Martinez-Vilela, A. 2001. Weed density and composition in winter wheat as influenced by tillage systems. Congress on Conservation Agriculture. Oct. 1-5. Madrid, Spain.

Boutsalis, P., Preston, C. and Gill, G. 2008. Current levels of herbicide resistance in broadacre farming across southern Australia. Proceeding of the 16^th Australian Weeds Conference. May 18-22. Queensland, Australia.

Buhler, D., Mester, T. and Kohler, K. 1996. The effect of maize residues and tillage on emergence of Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album. Weed Res. 36, 153-165.

Cardina, J., Herms, C. P. and Doohan, D. J. 2002. Crop rotation and tillage system effects on weed seed banks. Weed Sci. 50, 448-460.

Chauhan, B. S., Gill, G. and Preston, C. 2006. Influence of tillage systems on vertical distribution, seeding recruitment and persistence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed bank. Weed Sci. 54(4): 669-676.

Chauhan, B. S. 2006. Ecology and management of weeds under no-till in southern Australia. Ph.D. Thesis. Discipline of Agricultural and Animal Science. Adelaide University. South Australia.

Clements, D. R., Benott, D. L., Murphy, S. D. and Swanton, C. J. 1996. Tillage effects on weed seed return and seed bank composition. Weed Sci. 44, 314-322.

Cousens, R. D. and Moss, S. R. 1990. A model of the effects of cultivation on the vertical distribution of weed seeds within the soil. Weed Res. 30(1): 61-70.

Desbiolles, J. and Saunders, C. 2006. Soil throw characteristics of no-till furrow openers: a pilot study. Proceeding of the 17^th Triennial Conference of The International Soil and Tillage Research Organization. Aug. 28- Sep. 3. Kiel, Germany.

Dorado, J., Del Monte, J. and Lopez-Fando, C. 1999. Weed seed bank response to crop rotation and tillage in semiarid agroecosystems. Weed Sci. 47, 67-73.

Douglas, A. and Peltzer, S.C. 2004. Managing herbicide resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud) in no-till systems in Western Australia using occasional inversion ploughing. Proceedings of the 14^th Australian Weeds Conference. Sep. 6-9. Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.

Fielke, J. M. 1996. Interactions of the cutting edge of tillage implements with soil. J. Agr. Eng. Res. 63(1): 61-72.

Jamali, M. and Afzalinia, S. 2015. Study on weed seed bank response to conventional and conservation agriculture. Research Report. Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. Shiraz, Iran. (in Persian)

Goddard, T., Zoebisch, M., Gan, Y., Ellis, W., Watson, A. and Sombatpanit, S. 2008. No-Till Farming Systems. The World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWC). Special Publ. No. 3.

Godwin, R. J. 2007. A review of the effect of implement geometry on soil failure and implement forces. Soil Till. Res. 97(2): 331-340.

Godwin, R. J. and Spoor, G. 1977. Soil failure with narrow tines. J. Agr. Eng. 22(3): 213-228.

Godwin, R. J. and O'Dogherty, M. J. 2007. Integrated soil tillage force prediction models. J. Terramechanics. 44(1): 3-14.

Harper, J. L. 1977. The Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press. London, UK.

Ketter, T. A., Lyon, D. J., Doran, J. W., Powers, W. L. and Stroup, W. W. 2000. Soil quality assessment after weed-control tillage in a no-till wheat-fallow cropping system. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64, 339-346.

Mohler, C. L. 1993. A model of the effect of tillage on emergence of weed seedling. Ecol. Appl. 3(1): 53-73.

Murphy, S. D., Clements, D. R., Belaoussoff, S., Kevan, P. G. and Swanton, C. J. 2006. Promotion of weed species diversity and reduction of weed seed banks with conservation tillage and crop rotation. Weed Sci. 54, 69-77.

Payne, P. C. J. and Tanner, D. W. 1959. The relationship between rake angle and the performance of simple cultivation implements. J. Agr. Eng. Res. 4(4): 312-325.

Pareja, M. R., Staniforth, D. W. and Pareja, G. P. 1985. Distribution of weed seeds among soil structural units. Weed Sci. 33, 182-189.

Rosa, U. A. and Wulfsohn, D. 2008. Soil bin monorail for high-speed testing of narrow tillage tools. Biosyst. Eng. 99(3): 444-454.

Sharifat, K. 1999. Soil translocation with tillage tools. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis. Agriculture and Bioresource Engineering. University of Saskatoon.

Solhjou, A. A., Fielke, J. and Desbiolles, J. 2012. Soil translocation by narrow openers with various rake angles. Biosyst. Eng. 112(1): 65-73.

Solhjou, A. A., Desbiolles, J. and Fielke, J. 2013. Soil translocation by narrow openers with various blade face geometries. Biosyst. Eng. 114(3): 259-266.

Solhjou, A. A., Fielke, J., Desbiolles, J. and Saunders, C. 2014. Soil translocation by narrow openers with various bent leg geometries. Biosyst. Eng. 127, 41-49.

Staricka, J. A., Burford, P. M., Allmaras, R. R. and Nelson, W. W. 1990. Tracing the vertical distribution of simulated shattered seeds as related to tillage. Agron. J. 82(6): 1131-1134.

Walsh, M. J. and Powles, S. B. 2007. Management strategies for herbicide-resistant weed populations in Australian dry land crop production systems. Weed Technol. 21(2): 332-338.

Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D. and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40(3): 429-433.

Agricultural Mechanization and Systems Research

Opener geometry effect on weed seed bank

References

References

Volume 18, Issue 69 - Serial Number 69
March 2018
Pages 19-30

Opener geometry effect on weed seed bank

References

References

Volume 18, Issue 69 - Serial Number 69March 2018Pages 19-30

Volume 18, Issue 69 - Serial Number 69
March 2018
Pages 19-30